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Embroiled in the Civil War, northerners wrote and spoke with frequency about the subject of loyalty. The word was common in newspaper articles, political pamphlets, and speeches, appeared on flags, broadsides, and prints, was written into diaries and letters and the stationary they appeared on, and even found its way into sermons. Its ubiquity suggests that loyalty was an important concept...but what did it mean to those who used it? Contested Loyalty examines the significance of loyalty across fault lines of gender, social class, and education, race and ethnicity, and political or religious affiliation. These differing vantage points reveal the complicated ways in which loyalties were defined, prioritized, acted upon, and related.

While most of the scholarly work on Civil War Era nationalism has focused on southern identity and Confederate nationhood, the essays in Contested Loyalty examine the variable, fluid constructions of these concepts in the north. Essays explore the limitations and incomplete nature of national loyalty and how disparate groups struggled to control its meaning. The authors move beyond the narrow partisan debate over Democratic dissent to examine other challenges to and competing interpretations of national loyalty.

Today's leading and emerging scholars examine loyalty through: the frame of politics at the state and national level; the viewpoints of college educated men as well as the women they courted; the attitudes of northern Protestant churches on issues of patriotism and loyalty; working class men and women in military industries; how employers could use the language of loyalty to take away the rights of workers; and the meaning of loyalty in contexts of race and ethnicity.

The Union cause was a powerful ideology committing millions of citizens, in the ranks and at home, to a long and bloody war. But loyalty to the Union cause imperfectly explains how citizens reacted to the traumas of war or the ways in which conflicting loyalties played out in everyday life. The essays in this collection point us down the path of greater understanding.

Robert M. Sandow is an associate professor of history at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Deserter Country: Civil War Opposition in the Pennsylvania Appalachians (Fordham) and has presented numerous articles and conference papers. His recent work addresses issues of political dissent and rural protest on the northern home front.

Robert M. Sandow is an associate professor of history at Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Deserter Country: Civil War Opposition in the Pennsylvania Appalachians (Fordham University Press, 2009) and has presented numerous articles and conference papers. His recent work addresses issues of political dissent and rural protest on the northern home front.

Judith Giesberg is Professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of History at Villanova University in Villanova, Pennsylvania. She is the author of the recent title Sex and the Civil War: Soldiers, Pornography, and the Making of American Morality (2017).
She is also the editor of Th e Journal of the Civil War Era.

Melinda Lawson is Senior Lecturer and Director of Public History at Union College in Schenectady, New York. She is the author of Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North (2002.) She has published chapters in An Uncommon Time: The Civil War and the Northern Homefront (2002) and Contested Democracy: Freedom,
Race, and Power in American History (2007), and articles in Civil War History and The Journal of the Civil War Era.

Thaddeus M. Romansky completed his doctorate in History in 2015 at Texas A&M University. He is currently the director of a Catholic radio network in College Station, Texas and has taught courses on U.S. History and African American History at Texas A&M and
Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas.